%0 Journal Article
%T Translating Mosquito Insecticide Resistance into Operational Decisions: A Critical Review of Bioassays, Mechanisms, Thresholds, and Control Failure
%A Fatima Zahra Amrani
%A Youssef Benali
%A Bruno Martins
%A Lucas Pereira
%J Entomology and Applied Science Letters
%@ 2349-2864
%D 2025
%V 12
%N 2
%R 10.51847/DBz9cwz2wl
%P 21-32
%X Insecticide resistance is increasingly detected in mosquito populations targeted by public-health interventions, yet the operational meaning of a resistant classification remains difficult to determine. Standard bioassays provide essential evidence of survival under controlled exposure, but they do not reproduce the insecticide dose, contact duration, mosquito behaviour, product condition, intervention coverage, or transmission environment encountered during implementation. This critical methods review examines how resistance evidence should be translated into operational decisions by integrating four connected domains: what mosquito bioassays measure, the biological mechanisms underlying resistance, resistance intensity in relation to operational exposure, and the evidential pathway from laboratory phenotype to intervention failure. The synthesis distinguishes resistance frequency from resistance intensity, mechanism detection from field-level contribution, biological efficacy from operational effectiveness, and observed associations from causal evidence. The strongest defensible conclusion is that no single phenotype, molecular marker, intensity category, or product bioassay can independently establish control failure. Decision-relevant interpretation instead requires linked evidence describing the assay construct, vector population, physiological and behavioural mechanisms, product-specific performance, realized exposure, implementation conditions, and relevant entomological or epidemiological outcome. Important limitations include uneven surveillance, non-equivalent assay systems, incomplete calibration of intensity categories, uncertain contributions of co-occurring mechanisms, and weak linkage between laboratory measurements and programme outcomes. Resistance-informed vector control should therefore use staged evidence integration rather than universal thresholds, with uncertainty retained explicitly at each transition from detection to mechanism attribution, product evaluation, and operational action. The central implication is that resistance surveillance becomes operationally valuable only when measurements are interpreted within defined products, populations, exposure pathways, intervention objectives, and decision contexts.
%U https://easletters.com/article/translating-mosquito-insecticide-resistance-into-operational-decisions-a-critical-review-of-bioassa-jutrhzdd2nzgan1