Insecticidal effects of essential oils from Labiatae and Lauraceae families against cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) in stored pea seeds

The cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)  (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), is one of the most serious pests of stored pulse seeds. The essential oils obtained from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), Turkish oregano (Origanum onites L.), sweet marjoram (Origanum majorana L.), Greek oregano (Origanum vulgare L.), mountain oregano (Origanum minutiflorum L.) and laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) have been analyzed by GC and GC-MS and tested for their insecticides effects against the cowpea weevil. In the current study, 1,8 cineole (21.45%), camphor (19.70%) from rosemary, 1,8 cineole (37.84%), α-terpinyl acetate (15.33%) from laurel, carvacrol (57.01%) from Turkish oregano, carvacrol (34.14%), thymol (20.36%), terpinene-4-ol (12.31%) from sweet marjoram, carvacrol (59.87%), p-cymene (17.55%) from Greek oregano, carvacrol (52.04%), pcymene (22.87%) from mountain oregano have been identified as the main volatile components. In both bioassays, essential oil extracted from rosemary and laurel resulted in significant mortality on the cowpea weevil with 1.6 (µg mL–1) concentrations comparing with the sweet marjoram, the Turkish oregano, the Greek oregano and mountain oregano. The essential oil extracted from the laurel and rosemary had the lower lethal concentrations compared with the Turkish oregano, sweet marjoram, Greek oregano and mountain oregano in both bioassays. The major components of 1,8 cineole, camphor,  α-terpinyl acetate,  carvacrol, thymol, terpinene-4-ol, p-cymene act as insecticides to the cowpea weevil. The essential oils extracted from rosemary and laurel can be recommended as a potential source of environment-friendly botanical insecticide in control of the cowpea weevil.

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