Population Structures of Vivipara Angularis Muller from Lake Lanao, Mindanao, Philippines

Native species of freshwater gastropod Vivipara angularis have been widely distributed along Lake Lanao. The pattern of the morphological shell variation of this indigenous species was analyzed in the four populations sampled along three sites in Lake Lanao and in Balutmasla Island, one of its two islets located centrally in the lake. Variation in the shell outline was assessed using elliptic Fourier analysis of the captured two-dimentional outline of the shell. The results showed that the variations were detected along the spire-body whorl length and its aperture opening. The variations among the populations were due to the variations observed within the populations and these were argued primarily due to the phenotypic plasticity.

Amusan JA, Omidiji MO. Edible land snail. A technical guide to snail farming in the tropics. Verity printer limited, Ibadan; 5-50. 1999.

Camama C G, Torres M A J, Manting MME, Gorospe JJ, Demayo CG. (2014). Landmark-based geometric analysis in describing the shell of the freshwater gastropod Vivipara angularis (Gastropoda: Viviparidae) from Lake Dapao, Pualas, Lanao del Sur, Mindanao, Philippines. Advances in Environmental Sciences- International Journal of the Bioflux Society, 2014; 6(1):44-54.

Camama CG, Torres MMA, Manting MM E, Gorospe JJ, Demayo CG. Variations in shapes in relation to size in four lake populations of Vivipara angularis. Research Journal of Fisheries and Hydrobiology, 2015; 14: 169-176.

Pace GL. Freshwater snails of Taiwan, Malacol. Rev. Suppl., 1973; 1: 24-31.

Liu W, Zhung W, Wan Y, Wan N. Freshwater snails in Chinese economic mollusca, Beijing; Science publishing, pp. 9-20. 1979.

Keppens M, Dhondt K, Mienis HK. The variability of the operculum in Nucella lapillus (Gastropoda, Muricidae) from a colony in Audresselles, France. Vita Malacologia, 2008; 7: 15-20.

Cooke AH. A colony of Nucella lapillus (Linn.) with operculum malformed or absent Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London, 1917; 12: 231-232.

Checa AG, Jimenez-Jimenez AP. Constructional morphology, origin, and evolution of the gastropod operculum. Paleobiology, 1998; 24(1), 109-132.

Cotton PA, Rundle SD, Smith KE. Trait compensation in marine gastropods: shell shape, avoidance, behavior, and susceptibility to predation. Ecology, 2004; 85: 1581-1584.

O’Loughlin EFM, Aldrich JC. An analysis of shell shape variation in the painted top shell Calliostoma zizyphinum (L) (Prosobranchia: Trochidae). Journal of molluscan Studies, 1987; 53: 62-68.

Rohlf FJ, Archie JW. (1984). A Comparison of Fourier Methods for the Description of Wing Shape in Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). Systematic Biology, 1984;33(3):302–317.

Diaz G, Zuccarelli A, Pelligra I, Gihiani A. (1989). Elliptic Fourier analysis of cell and nuclear shapes, Comp. Biomed. Res., 1989; 22: 405-414.

Hassall C, Thompson DJ, Harvey IF. Latitudinal variation in morphology in two damselfly species with contrasting range dynamics, European Journal of Entomology, 2008; 05: 939-944.

Tabugo SM, Torres MAJ, Olowa LF, Sabaduquia MB, Macapil RM, Acevedo A, Demayo CG. (2012). Elliptic Fourier analysis in describing Shape of the Mandible of the Larvae of the Coconut Leaf beetle Brontispa longissimi Gestro, 1885 (Chrysomelidae: Hispinae) collected from Plants with varying degrees of Damage. Int. Res. J. Biological Sci., 1(8): 19-26.

Silos RAC, Manting MM, Demayo CG. (2014). Elliptic Fourier Analysis in describing shell shapes of species of Lambis (Gastropoda; Strombidae). Journal of Applied Science and Agriculture, 9 (110 Special 2014), Pages: 238-244.

Sobrepeňa JMM, Demayo CG. (2014). Outline-based geometric morphometric analysis of shell shapes in geographically isolated populations of Acathina fulica from the Philippines. Journal of Enttomology and Zoology Studies, 2 (4): 237-243.

Naga PO. Lake Lanao: An ancient lake on distress. Paper presented in the 13th World Lake Conference in China. 2010.

Frey DG. A limnological reconnaissance of Lake Lanao. Mindanao Journal,1974; 1(1): 81-101.

Iwata H, Ukai Y. SHAPE: a computer program package for quantitative evaluation of biological shapes based on elliptic Fourier descriptors, J. Heredity, 2002; 93: 384-385.

Kuhl FP, Giardina CR. Elliptic Fourier features of a closed contour, Comp. Graphics Image Proc.,1992; 18, 236-258.

Crampton JS. Elliptic Fourier shape analysis of fossil bivalves, some practical considerations, Lethaia,1995; 28: 179-186.

Zelditch ML, Swiderski DL, Sheets DH, Fiink WL. Geometric morphometric for biologists: a primer, Zelditch M. (ed), Elsevier Academic Press, London, 2004. 443 pp.

Hammer O, Harpe, DAT, Ryan PD. PAST: Paleontological Statistics Software Package for Education and Data Analysis. Paleontologia Electronica, 2001; 4(1):9 pp. http://paleo-electronica.org/2001-1/past/issue1-01.htm.

Trussell GC, Etter RJ. (2001). Integrating genetic and environmental snail. Genetics; 112-113: 321-337.

Pigliucci M, Murren CJ, Schlichting CD. (2006). Phenotypic plasticity and evolution by genetic assimilation. J Exp Biol.2006; 209:2362-2367.

Debat V, David P. Mapping phenotypes: canalization, plasticity and developmental stability. Trends Ecol. Evol. 2001; 16:555–561.

Moneva CSO, Torres MMA, Demayo CG. Applications of geometric morphometric analysis in describing sexual dimorphism in shell shapes of Vivipara angularis Muller (family Viviparidae). ABAH Bioflux. 2012; 4(1):14-19.

Sharma KK, Bangotra K, Saini M. Diversity and distribution of Mollusca in relation to the physico-chemical profile of Gho-Manhahasan stream, Jammu (J & K), International Journal of biodiversity and Conservation, 2013; 5(4): 240-249.

Debat V, David P. Mapping phenotypes: canalization, plasticity and developmental stability. Trends Ecol. Evol. 2001; 16:555–561.

Moneva CSO, Torres MMA, Demayo CG. Applications of geometric morphometric analysis in describing sexual dimorphism in shell shapes of Vivipara angularis Muller (family Viviparidae). ABAH Bioflux. 2012; 4(1):14-19.

Sharma KK, Bangotra K, Saini M. Diversity and distribution of Mollusca in relation to the physico-chemical profile of Gho-Manhahasan stream, Jammu (J & K), International Journal of biodiversity and Conservation, 2013; 5(4): 240-249.