Creative Commons License 2014 Volume 1 Issue 3

The Leucaena leucocephala Floral Visitors, Pollinators and their Predators in the Restored Wazo Hill Quarry, Tanzania


Kelvin Ngongolo, Samuel Mtoka, Anna Mahulu, Atuhombye Sigala
Abstract

This study investigated the potential pollinators, floral visitors and predators of the Leucaena leucocephala. Monitoring of the standardized number of flowers was done at specified time interval, and the number of predators was also counted at standardized time interval and the data collected were analyzed and tested using F-test. There was a positive relationship on the floral visitors and individual probing flowers ( P<0.05) however the difference between visitation and probing rate was insignificant ( P>0.05). The predation had positive correlation with probing while having negative relation with visitation. The relationship between the visitation and probing suggests that, there is a need to conserve the pollinators in integrated approach by considering other species. This will benefit not only Leucaena leucocephala but also other plant species in the restored sites. Further studies should be done to determine the impact of predators other than dragonflies on the pollination and seed setting.

Keywords; Floral Visitors, Pollinators, Predators, Leucaena leucocephala, Restored Wazo Quarry


Share:
References

K.Ngongolo, S. Mtoka. Can Re-vegetation Quarry in Wazo hill increase the Diversity and abundance of Butterflies. Research report. Heidelbergcement. Twiga cement. The Quarry Life Award-Tanzania. 2012.

K. Ngongolo, S Mtoka. Mahulu, A. Wet Season Diversity Of Butterflies In Restored Mine Of Wazo Hill Tanzania. International Journal of Fauna and biological studies. 2014, (3):01-03.

K. Ngongolo, S Mtoka, A Mahulu. The Abundance and pollinators’ impact on seed setting of Leucaena leucocephala in Wazo Hill restored Quarry, Tanzania. Journal of Zoological and Bioscience Research. 2014,1 (2):6- 10

K. Ngongolo, S Mtoka, A. Mahulu. Mafuwe, K. “Floral visitors of the Ageratum conyzoides in Amani Nature Reserve, Tanzania”, International Journal of Development and Sustainability. 2014, 3 (5):1060-1065.

H.M. Shelton, J.L. Brewbaker. Leucaena leucocephala - the Most Widely Used Forage Tree Legume. Forage Tree Legumes in Tropical Agriculture. The Tropical Grassland Society of Australia. 1998.

http://www.fao.org/ag/agp/AGPC/doc/Publicat/Gutt shel/x5556e06.htm#introduction (accessed 18 may 2015).

D. Maleko, E. Mtupile, The Potential of Leucaena leucocephala Pioneer Trees and Cenchrus ciliaris understory grass species in Soil Improvement and Forage Production at Wazo Hill Quarry. Quarry Life AwardReport, 2012.

P. Willmer. Pollination of Floral Ecology. Princeton University Press,Princeton and Oxford.2011: 5.

K. Ngongolo, S. Mtoka. Using Butterflies to Measure Biodiversity Health in Wazo Hill Restored Quarry. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies. 2013, 1(4):81-86.

K. Ngongolo, S. Mtoka. Mining And Environmental Conservation In Wazo Hill: What Can Butterflies Offer In Measuring Biodiversity Health In Revegetated Quarry, The 9th TAWIRI Scientific conference, 4th - 6th December 2013, Snow Crest Hotel, Arusha, Tanzania, 2013.

K . Ngongolo, K. Mafuwe. The Influence of the Invasive Herbs Species Ageratum conyzoides and Stachytarpheta jamaicensis on the Diurnal Floral Visitors to the Native Herbs Species Asystasia gangetica in the Amani Nature Reserve, Tanzania. Research Report to Tropical Biology Association, 2013.

K. Ngongolo, S. Mtoka. Abundance, Nesting and Habitat for White-browed Sparrow Weaver (Plocepasser mahali) in Northeastern Selous Game Reserve, Tanzania. International Journal of Fauna and Zoological studies.

, 1(1):63-67

K. Ngongolo, S. Mtoka. Biological conservation and urbanization, who to win? A case of Kibaha in coastal region, Tanzania. Tanzania Journal Of Natural And Applied Sciences. 2013, 4(1):613-618.

F.M. Mahmoud. Insects Associated with Sesame (Sesamun indicum L .) and the Impact of Insect Pollinators on Crop Production. Pestic . Phytom d . (Belgrade). 2012, 27(2):117–129.

A.A. Muoz, K.T.M M. Arroyo. Negative Impacts of a Vertebrate Predation on Insect Pollinatores Visitation ansd seed Output in Chquiraga oppositifolia. A High Anden Shrub. Oecologia. 2004, 138 (1):66-73.

M.R. Arnord. Pollination, Predation and Seed set in Linaria vulgaris (Scrophulariaceae) American Midland naturalist.1982, 107(2):360-369.

R.L. Nielsen. Next Big Hurdle: Pollen Shed and Silking. Corny News Network, Purdue Univ. 2012.


Entomology and Applied Science Letters is an international double-blind peer reviewed publication which publishes scientific research & review articles related to insects that contain information of interest to a wider audience, e.g. papers bearing on the theoretical, genetic, agricultural, medical and biodiversity issues. Emphasis is also placed on the selection of comprehensive, revisionary or integrated systematics studies of broader biological or zoogeographical relevance. In addition to full-length research articles and reviews, the journal publishes interpretive articles in a Forum section, Short Communications, and Letters to the Editor. The journal publishes reports on all phases of medical entomology and medical acarology, including the systematics and biology of insects, acarines, and other arthropods of public health and veterinary significance.

Announcement and Advertisement
Announcements regarding scientific activities such as conferences, symposium, are published for free. Advertisements can be either published or placed on website as banners.

Publisher
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPS) , University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore Pakistan.
open access
Associations
Entomology and Applied Science Letters supports the submission of entomological papers that contain information of interest to a wider reader groups e. g. papers bearing on taxonomy, phylogeny, biodiversity, ecology, systematic, agriculture, morphology. The selection of comprehensive, revisionary or integrated systematics studies of broader biological or zoogeographical relevance is also important. Distinguished entomologists drawn from different parts of the world serve as honorary members of the Editorial Board. The journal encompasses all the varied aspects of entomological research.