Describing Shapes of the Wings of the Mango Leafhopper, Idioscopus Clypealis (Lethierry) Collected from Different Orchards

Farm management methods have always used pesticides to mitigate the pests and improve the crop yields. This study investigated the population structures of Mango leafhopper, Idioscopus clypealis in mango orchards unsprayed or sprayed with pesticides. The analysis of the populations was based on the wing shapes used by insects to fly. Geometric and morphometric techniques were used to analyze the shapes of the forewings of the pest. The results of the thin plate spline image showed asymmetry in the left and right wings in the two sexes of the insect pest. The relative warp analysis showed that wing shapes of insects in the unsprayed orchard had a mean shape close to the consensus wing shape unlike those populations where there was a routine application of pesticides. The differences in wing shapes of the populations collected from unsprayed and sprayed orchards were argued to be due to the effects of pesticides.

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